It is modeled on the dialect spoken in theВ ShantipurВ region inВ Nadia district, West Bengal. This form came into vogue towards the turn of the 19th century, promoted by the writings ofВ Peary Chand Mitra( Alaler Gharer Dulal, 1857),В Pramatha ChaudhuriВ ( Sabujpatra, 1914) and in the later writings ofВ Rabindranath Tagore.

Cholito-bhashaВ ( а¦ља¦Іа¦їа¦¤а¦а¦ѕа¦·а¦ѕВ 'running language'), known by linguists as Standard Colloquial Bengali, is a written Bengali style exhibiting a preponderance of colloquial idiom and shortened verb forms, and is the standard for written Bengali now.

However, use of Shadhubhasha in modern writing is uncommon, restricted to some official signs and documents in Bangladesh as well as for achieving particular literary effects. Songs such as India's national anthem Jana Gana ManaВ (byВ Rabindranath Tagore) were composed in Shadhubhasha.

Shadhu-bhashaВ ( а¦ёа¦ѕа¦§а§Ѓа¦а¦ѕа¦·а¦ѕВ 'upright language') was the written language, with longer verb inflections and more of aВ PaliВ andВ Sanskrit-derived TatsamaВ vocabulary.

Similarly,В HajongВ is considered a separate language, although it shares similarities to Northern Bengali dialects.Д«engali exhibitsВ diglossia, though some scholars have proposed triglossia or even n-glossia orВ heteroglossiaВ between the written and spoken forms of the language.В Two styles of writing have emerged, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax: Some variants of Bengali, particularlyВ ChittagonianВ andВ Chakma, have contrastiveВ tone differences in the pitch of the speaker's voice can distinguish words.В Rangpuri, Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages. The influence ofВ Tibeto-Burman languagesВ on the phonology of Eastern Bengali is seen through the lack of nasalized vowels and an alveolar articulation of what are categorised as the 'cerebral' consonants (as opposed to the postalveolar articulation of West Bengal). WesternВ alveolo-palatal affricates а¦љ, а¦›, а¦њ. In the dialects prevalent in much of eastern and south-eastern Bangladesh (Barisal,В Chittagong,В DhakaВ andВ Sylhet DivisionsВ of Bangladesh), many of the stops andВ affricatesВ heard in West Bengal are pronounced asВ fricatives.

LinguistВ Suniti Kumar ChattopadhyayВ grouped these dialects into four large clusters-Rarh, Banga, Kamarupa and Varendra В but many alternative grouping schemes have also been proposed.В The south-western dialects (Rarh orВ NadiaВ dialect) form the basis of modern standard colloquial Bengali. Regional variation in spoken Bengali constitutes aВ dialect continuum. Language is an important element ofВ Bengali identityВ and binds together aВ culturally diverseВ region.

In 1999,В UNESCOВ recognizedВ 21 FebruaryВ asВ International Mother Language DayВ in recognition of the language movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Furthermore, it is believed by many that the national anthem of Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka Matha) was inspired by a Bengali poem written byВ Rabindranath Tagore,while some even believe the anthem was originally written in Bengali and then translated intoВ Sinhalese.В In 1952, theВ Bengali Language MovementВ successfully pushed for the language's official status in theВ Dominion of Pakistan. The first two verses of a patriotic song written in Bengali byВ Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Vande Mataram, was adopted as the 'national song' of India in both the colonial period and later in 1950 in independent India. Both the national anthems of Bangladesh ( Amar Sonar Bangla) and India ( Jana Gana Mana) were composed in Bengali byВ Rabindranath Tagore.

Bengali literature, with itsВ millennium-old historyВ andВ folk heritage, has extensively developed since theВ Bengali renaissanceВ and is one of the most prominent and diverse literary traditions in Asia.

Bengali alphabet pronunciation